Accounting Financial Analysis Report Business strategy

Question: Talk about the Essay for Accounting Financial Analysis Report for Business technique. Answer: Presentation:- The job of bookkeepers has changed enormously in the advanced business situation. In prior days, bookkeepers were treated as simple scorekeepers. These days, with the development in bookkeeping frameworks and presentation of new parts of bookkeeping, bookkeepers are currently considered as the wellspring of significant administrative data. Like the promoting and creation offices, accounts divisions are additionally taking dynamic interest in the development of the organizations. Such unrest in the job of bookkeepers has gotten conceivable because of developing significance of different money related data. Presently the achievement of the business firms relies upon its income winning exercises as well as on its market development, stock costs and other non-showcasing exercises. In addition, the business firms likewise use to depend incredibly on different interior outside money related information to quantify its development over the periods, its market position and furthermore the market position of its rivals. All these data and investigation have helped the bookkeepers to changed into one of the significant faculty inside a business association. Job of Accountants in Enhancing Profitability:- As talked about above, with the headways of the bookkeeping strategies, bookkeepers are taking dynamic jobs in upgrading the benefit of the business firms. Aside from the customary accounting exercises, bookkeepers are additionally attempted different other monetary exercises as the aspect of their responsibilities. The significant part of the all out consumption of any business element is utilized to be taken care of by the working expense. Accordingly, bookkeepers use to concentrate on the working exercises to control the working expenses and expanding the net revenue of the element (Ward 2012). Bookkeepers use to evaluate different inner outer hazard variables of the association. Through the hazard evaluation process, they can give a consistent and secure income structure and reduce the degree of different unpredicted and unpredicted misfortunes (Biddle et al. 2015). By examining different monetary and non-money related informations, bookkeepers can direct the administration for building up a reasonable authoritative structure, which can perform all the more adequately and lessen the different unusual expenses (Ah Lay and Jusoh 2014). Bookkeepers additionally help the promoting group to grow better client relationship the board. Bookkeepers use to contemplate the past records and current market situation cautiously for giving direction about how the showcasing can fulfill the clients all the more adequately (Laine et al. 2016). The partners have become especially significant these days for a business association. The business firms consistently focus to fulfill their partners by its monetary and non-budgetary exhibitions (Kim et al. 2013). Bookkeepers assume significant job in satisfying the requirements of the partners. They use to concentrate on the essential needs of various partners and help the association to satisfy those requirements by giving reasonable systems and rules (Elbashir et al. 2013). In these habits, the bookkeepers have changed their jobs and redesigned themselves as one of the key variables of the business association for improving the productivity. Additionally, the new bookkeeping strategies are likewise used to evaluate the productivity of the market speculations. In this manner, numerous bookkeepers have begun to go about as monetary counselors, who use to give exhorts on appropriate venture plans to the individual financial specialists, just as, the corporate houses (Biddle et al. 2013). Acts of neglect for Enhancing Profitability:- It has been seen that numerous associations use to use the bookkeepers for improving the productivity by any mean. The association, however numerous bookkeepers additionally use to focus more on the productivity factor. Because of such over focus on gainfulness, numerous bookkeepers are following exploitative approaches to build the net revenues of the organization (Gilley et al. 2014). Much of the time, the representatives of the associations use to be more worry about the net money installments in contrast with the drawn out advantages, gave by the business. Numerous bookkeepers use to underwrite this circumstance and grow such installment structure for the representatives, which will decrease the drawn out advantages. By this procedure, the general expense for workers uses to get diminished and the organization expands its benefit. It is a typical practice among the bookkeepers to control the fiscal summaries for lessening the assessment sums. Bookkeepers use to set up the fiscal summaries in such a way, that the net gain according to the books would be lower than the real total compensation, earned by the organization. In this way, they help the organization to pay lesser assessment add up to the administration (Imoniana and Silva 2013). At some point, numerous business firms use to take gigantic credits from different money related organizations and the proprietors use to use those assets for their self-improvement. To maintain a strategic distance from the installment of the loan bosses, the bookkeepers of such firms use to control the monetary information so that the organizations use to be proclaimed as bankrupt by the concerned position and the proprietors would not need to pay any add up to the leasers out of their own reserve. In current days, the vast majority of the organizations proceed with its tasks by either value financing or by obligation financing. To draw in the likely financers or speculators, it is important to keep up an appropriate money related development, particularly for value financing. Bookkeepers use to make this assignment simpler by displaying exaggerated resources and benefits in the fiscal reports (Ghose 2015). The bookkeepers of numerous organization use to grow such complex promoting plans, which is by all accounts increasingly beneficial for clients, yet truly, clients don't get any additional favorable position from such plans. Along these lines, they help the organizations to build the business volume by giving bogus responsibilities to the customers (Devi 2015). The bookkeepers use to get the extent of such acts of neglect because of different reasons. Distinctive bookkeeping standard sheets use to give diverse bookkeeping treatment to same bookkeeping exchanges. Besides, there is an enormous contrast in the overall gain appraisal strategy for tax collection reason and for general revealing reason. The bookkeeping sheets don't give any free direction to some from the bookkeeping methodology, for example, reasonable worth bookkeeping, CSR bookkeeping and so on. As a rule, the partners, for example, representatives, speculators and so on., don't use to be completely mindful and adequately proficient about the bookkeeping and assessment methods. The bookkeepers underwrite these downsides of the bookkeeping framework to expand the benefit for the organization (Imoniana et al. 2013). End:- The bookkeepers are utilized for keep up the budgetary records of the association. In the cutting edge situation, the bookkeepers are relied upon to give more advantages to the organization. They are relied upon to expand the net revenues by the different bookkeeping strategies and money related arranging. Subsequently, the bookkeepers utilize different propelled bookkeeping strategies, for example, the board bookkeeping, client bookkeeping and so on for offering better support to its workers. Alongside the budgetary arranging, they are using their expert information to help the association for different other arranging identified with the non-money related exercises too. By various market examination techniques, they can conjecture the future results of the organization, just as the results of its rivals. They can assist the association with reducing its expenses and uses by legitimate cost arranging and planning. Through these procedures, the organization can likewise appreciate different tax reductions. In this manner, the bookkeepers, these days, assume a significant job in the benefit amplification for the organization. The new job of the bookkeepers has made the additional weight on them to build the benefit for the organization and its proprietors. They are compelled to embrace deceptive systems to make the organization progressively gainful. Now and again they control the budgetary records for lessening the duty costs or pull in more partners. At times, they actualize unscrupulous arranging, which use to deny the purchasers, representatives or the financial specialists. Subsequently, it very well may be expressed that the job of bookkeepers for improving the productivity has caused just positive effect on the general public. It has joined many negative qualities too. In any case, it ought to be noticed that more often than not, the bookkeepers use to use their insight for such deceptive causes according to the guidance of the organization the board. Thus, the bookkeepers can't be accused exclusively for such abuse of expert information. Reference List:- Ok Lay, T. what's more, Jusoh, R., 2014. Business technique, force of rivalry, key job of bookkeepers, vital administration bookkeeping and firm execution. Biddle, G.C., Kim, J.B., Ma, M.L. furthermore, Song, F.M., 2015. Bookkeeping conservatism and insolvency risk.Available at SSRN 1621272 Biddle, G.C., Ma, M.L. furthermore, Song, F.M., 2013. The hazard the executives job of bookkeeping conservatism for working money flows.Available at SSRN 1695629 Devi, R.U., 2015. Innovative bookkeeping rehearses Its Pros Cons: An analysis.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,5(1), pp.40-52 Elbashir, M.Z., Collier, P.A., Sutton, S.G., Davern, M.J. also, Leech, S.A., 2013. Improving the business estimation of business insight: The job of shared information and assimilation.Journal of Information Systems,27(2), pp.87-105 Ghose, K.S., 2015. Morals in Managerial Accounting: Today's Challenges in USA.GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS),4(2), p.85. Gilley, A., Gilley, J.W., Ambort-Clark, K.A. what's more, Marion, D., 2014. Proof of administrative negligence: An experimental study.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,19(4), p.24 Imoniana, J.O. what's more, Silva, R.M., 2013. Returning to the ideas of

Impact of FDI on European Economic Development

Effect of FDI on European Economic Development Presentation The working of a market economy under the conditions required by proficiency requests significant monetary assets, whose assignment must be coordinated to those regions which in their turn can produce esteem included and continue the dynamic procedure of making included worth. On the off chance that for an organization the speculation are acknowledged mostly from old style sources, separately the deterioration reserve, benefit or issuance of new offers, yet with the danger of the scattering of the exclusive right on business, to which we can include the financing of bank credits, a genuinely costly answer for an organization looking for action broadening. In light of these contemplations, the need to survey the job and capacity of speculation assets and FDI in the economy, in the reorientation and begining of the venture procedure is one of most extreme significance. Considering the last occasions that denoted the world economy, from which the remote speculation reserves, be they even FDI, to which we can include the stock development were among the fundamental determinants of the way toward interpreting the venture streams. In spite of the fact that speculation assets in the regular, showing as customary speculators, with an articulated old style character, purchasing or selling money related instruments, stocks, securities or other budgetary instruments or growing new creation limits, in their activity they decide a critical effect on the monetary movement sketching out certain highlights of the financial condition inside which they happen. For nations like Romania, for instance, or Serbia, this procedure is genuine, however hard to accomplish on the grounds that it required more than monetary assets. Starting here of view Inadequate advancement in second-age changes gives clarification in variety of FDI inflows. Various observational investigations concentrating on progress economies have validated this finding. Garibaldi et al. (2002) have appeared, that the nature of organizations clarifies the variety in FDI streams to progress economies. [1, p.11] The sustenable monetary advancement requires the presence of a lot of instruments and explicit systems through which the money related assets important to accomplish this objective must be activated yet particularly they should add to an effective redistribution of budgetary assets during the time spent social rearing. The just a single ready to accomplish this necessities are the ventures, which prevail through preparing the accessible cash-flow to restart the mind boggling procedure of creation of plusvalue. Coordinating the money related assets, in the financial strategy, to those monetary targets ready to create in their turn a development of the pace of work of work requires another administration as far as speculations, whose key source ought to be benefit, support devaluation or GDP, at the monetary level. As known, some of the time budgetary assets accessible to the national economy are not adequate to advance gigantic activities, drawing in new money being required, notwithstanding outside capital markets. These finishing ventures, in spite of the fact that they are not exactly normal in a large number of the rising nations, they use them. Then again we are seeing autonomous venture streams, coordinated either to starting new creation limit or redesigning existing ones, advanced by worldwide monetary players that make up the outside speculation streams. As it is expressed in one of the european archives The way that the market has flopped in the money related division doesn't imply that it doesn't work by any stretch of the imagination, however calls attention to the need to stay away from, in particular to address an inappropriate market advancements, through administrative measures and of focused reconnaissance. In this way, the new approach must be based on the establishment of a market economy, which animates and compensates their drives and hazard taking. [10, pct.3.4]. So the budgetary assets pulled in through remote speculations ought to be focused at those regions that present a high conceptive limit, either by the perceived level of creating benefits or by the critical valuable efects that they have on the workforce. FDI ought to guarantee a high level of effectiveness, both for the financial specialist who decides to contribute and should be compensated by high paces of benefit, and for the nation inside which is accomplis hed by expanding the assets prepared through assessment systems, the state spending plan, and the compensation for work engaged with accomplishing the subsequent business. Writing survey The examination of the job of FDI in the economy was made in various significant investigations. From these we notice (Serbu, 2006) which asserts that advancing FDI isn't generally for nations that get these streams, examined in any event as far as capability of business and not add to financial development, so the job of FDI is addressed. Then again ÃÆ'â€ZTÃÆ'Ã…RK, Ilhan (2007) contends the inverse, specifically that the job of FDI in monetary development is major and unequivocal, which is accomplished through various channels, for example, net capital arrangement, innovation move and impacts on human capital. In another study[6], Ben Ferretti (2004) investigates the connection among FDI and profitability development and finishes up, in the wake of making a concise examination of the hypothetical models, as far as game-hypothetical models, this is dictated by the spatiality and the force of FDI streams on economy and financial specialists specifically [4]. Similar thoughts has Damjan Joze et every one of the (2003) which investigates the job of gathering of FDI and R D on innovation move and their impact on economies on the move [3] or Hunya, Gabor (2002) which breaks down financial rebuilding wonders from FDI points of view on assembling industry.[5] The investigation Market Integration from Foreign Direct Investment force point of view Outside direct speculations comprise of noteworthy vectors in accomplishing monetary and social targets, with regards to broadening of society needs in fulfilling the objectives advanced at the macroeconomic level. The requirement for budgetary assets is an ever developing from year to year and the money related assets pulled in from the outside capital market is an answer for accomplish these objectives. From this point of view every state capacity to draw in these assets depends to a high measure on the level of coordination of national markets in the complete venture streams yet in addition on the level of atraction of each state. In this setting the examination of outside direct interest in the network economy is critical. Alluding to GDP make these information to show a high importance through evacuating the national economies measurement laid out by each state. These information are introduced in the table beneath. As observed from the information introduced above, there is a timed advancement of venture streams, both in incorporated economies in the financial space, yet in addition for the individuals who need coordination (Croatia and Turkey) and particularly the most evolved economies (USA and Japan). At the EU level we can see an expansion in the force of FDI during 2004-2007, from 0.9 in 2004 to 3.8 in 2007, which means an increment of 4.2 occasions. This development rate was a timed one which implies that the european economy has been prepared in the huge rush of speculation and capital streams with moderately high level of hazard, which came about that since 2008 this pointer diminished by 1.7 occasions contrasted with a year ago. On account of part nations we can see an alternate advancement. In the event that on account of the last two nations that joined the EU in 2007 we may locate a slight improvement, similar to the instance of Romania, this marker expanded from 3% to 3.5%, a low level contrasted with 2006 when this pointer recorded 4.8% when the enthusiasm of outside financial specialists was a lot higher than the economy, or perhaps they were simply fortifying their speculation positions by buying generators of monetary worth included or Bulgaria, which after participation is developing at 12.6% in 2006 to 15.2% in 2007, the following year it enlists a 10.3 drop. This circumstance can result from the powerlessness to pay on which is hampered the entire bulgarian economy. For the european nations which were old individuals, this marker presents a high unpredictability. After register huge degrees of 6.7% as on account of Germany in 2000 it comes to in 2008 at an estimation of just 2.4%. Such is the situation of France which in 2000 recorded 8.2% and after eight years just 5.2%. These advancements are mostly because of the shaken european financial condition, where the speculators are situating and reorienting the capitals as indicated by high benefit rates than to business security. For Serbia, a non-EU nation resources claimed by outside elements in Serbia are developing in ostensible qualities. Yet, in the event that we take a gander at portion of remote claimed resources altogether money related organizations, we may see that there has been an abatement of 0.2% from 84.3% to 84.1%, in spite of the section of 13 new completely outside possessed foundations during the investigated period. This affirms budgetary foundations possessed by household substances are working surprisingly better than the outside claimed ones. Since we realize that before the rebuilding of the money related area in Serbia most banks and insurance agencies have worked with critical misfortune, we may infer that that staying residential claimed organization have essentially changed their business culture.[8] With respect to U.S., the advancement of this marker for 2000-2006, mirrors the troublesome minutes that this countrys economy has passed. On the off chance that in 2005 this marker recorded the most minimal degree of the period broke down, of just 0.3% (more than up to multiple times contrasted with 2001), after one year to develop by 500%, because of the trust allowed in the financial improvement through FDI. For the Japanese economy the advancement of this marker is running at around 0.4-0.5%, which implies the manageability of speculations bolstered through these instruments, particularly the economy of this nation configuration depended more on capital fares to third coun

Career Counseling What is It and How Can I Use it for Career Progression

Career Counseling What is It and How Can I Use it for Career Progression Career progression is the aim for most workers, but career development is not something most of us think of regularly. But without proper understanding of what we want from our careers and how we can achieve our goals quicker, we can quickly end up dissatisfied with our jobs.Career counseling is a process that can help you with your career progression. © Shutterstock | Andrey_PopovIn this guide, we will examine what career counseling entails and discover whom to look for if you want to consider trying it. We’ll also discuss who can benefit from the practice and how, before looking closer at how career counseling can be used for career progression.WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF CAREER COUNSELLING?Career counseling refers to mentoring or coaching on issues, which relate to a person’s career. It generally helps individuals make the right choices in terms of career paths, career development and career change. The overall aim of career counseling is to help the individual maximize the successes they’ll have on their chosen career path.Perhaps one of the simplest ways to understand the essence of career counseling is by examining what it isn’t about. Career counseling is not a process where the person is told what career they should pursue in terms of simply stating the job the person should apply for or the course they should enroll in.  More importantly, career counselors won’t provide you with a job.The focus of career counseling is to provide the tools for you to understand your passion or the so-called ‘true calling’. While it will provide you better awareness of the ways you can improve your job search and help you apply for the right roles regarding your career goals, experiencing career counseling won’t guarantee you with a job.[slideshare id=29544234doc=careerdevelopmenttheory-131228135202-phpapp01w=640h=330]WHO PROVIDES CAREER COUNSELLING?There are a number of options when it comes to receiving career counseling. It can be provided by a therapist, a life coach, or a voluntary business coach. A professional career coach is someone with expertise and academic qualifications in career development theory, counseling techniques, and in administrative and interpretative assessment. In addition, career coach has to have a vast understanding of career information resources.Career counselors typically work in schools and universities. If you are studying, your institution’s website and Career Department are likely to have more information about career counselors.But the popularity of career counseling has also meant many larger organizations now have in-house counselors. It’s a good idea to check with the HR department if you are considering a meeting with a counselor.Furthermore, you can also find private career consultants. You could simply use Google to find a career coach near you. You can type in “career counselor in [your city]” and you should be able to receive plenty of results.You can also try the professional associations of your country’s career counselors. For example, in the US this would mean checking out the National Career Development Association (NCDA).Watch this funny career counseling session with Monty Python. WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM CAREER COUNSELLING?According to some studies, around 70% of Americans are unhappy at work. It’s therefore quite evident most people would benefit from better career planning. Career development is a lifelong process and most people find themselves questioning their career choices later on.Job satisfaction isn’t something to take lightly. It can lead to stress, which can hinder your health and relationships with other people. It isn’t just the feeling of being unhappy at work. A 2014 study in the US showed only a little over 20% of workers are happy with promotion prospects and fewer than 40% were happy with their current compensation.Therefore, whether you are just starting out, in the middle of your career or indeed coming to the end of your career, you can benefit from career counseling, as it can help you gain focus and find the direction you want to steer your career.Career counseling is especially beneficial if you’ve had some of the below thoughts cross your mind:“I don’t know what to do with my life”“I’m not sure which course to choose or which job offer to take”“I am cert ain of what I want to do, but I have no idea how to achieve my career goal”“I don’t know how to best use my current skillset”“I didn’t get the university place or job I wanted”“I want a career with good financial rewards/job security/challenging roles”“I’m not sure whether to move somewhere else in order to find work”A career counselor can help you answer the above questions and find a route to better career satisfaction. The important point to keep in mind is that career counseling isn’t only beneficial when you want to find a new job or get on to the career ladder.The tools you get from a career counselor can help you feel more satisfied in the current job, for instance, through learning how to improve your position either by earning a promotion or a raise.For people with a high interest in career counseling, this compendium is very helpful.[slideshare id=45790496doc=gumwos5tpwyhoodbc6lc-signature-d7e26b028bc99f1930f6387558b77ecfdefec07f182af218380d8ac881 a37021-poli-150313043709-conversion-gate01type=dw=640h=330]WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF SEEING A CAREER COUNSELLOR?As the above highlighted, career counseling can help people in different stages of their careers.The common advantages you can enjoy with career counseling are:Identifying the different options and choices available for you in terms of your career.Helping you clarify your career goals in order for you to achieve more in your career.Supporting you during the job search through the provision of resources and feedback.Ensuring you obtain a better understanding of your individual strengths and weaknesses.Providing you with educational support and guidance, whether you are starting your studies or wanting to improve your current skills.Let’s examine the above benefits through case studies. Both of the below examples are available in more detail on the Skill Scan website.The first case study looked at Claire, who is at the start of her career. She had completed her studies at university, with a degree in Business Administration and Conservation Studies, but had no clue what to do. Through her visit to a career counselor, she learned more about her skills and values.The different tests and discussions helped her reveal an interest towards organizational and managerial positions. She began focusing on applying for these types of positions in PR and landed a job quickly.In Claire’s case, the career counseling helped identify the kind of jobs she would most like to perform, as well as the ones suited for her specific talents. She identified different options and created a path towards a career she liked.The second case study focused on Andrew, who was transitioning from one job to another. He had been laid off from a law firm and he wanted to re-evaluate the direction his career was heading.Andrew’s problem was that he hadn’t previously planned a career in law, but had just taken on the opportunity as a young man. Yet, he was worried about the difficu lties in changing a career. Through the assessment and discussion with a career counselor, Andrew noticed he was drawn to being creative and solving problems. He considered a number of different career paths that would fit his skills and values, and eventually went on to complete a Financial Planning certificate.In Andrew’s case, the career counseling helped him understand what his actual interest are and the different options he has available, without it causing him financial problems. He learned about different study routes and options to continue in the legal field, while gaining skills in another subject.The two examples highlighted the benefits of career counseling in different situations. The practice can empower you to better understand your own preferences, but also receive real life tips on how to achieve those goals.In addition to the above, career counseling can also provide specific social and economic benefits. A 2003 report titled, The Educational, Social and Economi c Value of Informed and Considered Career Decisions, found career counseling being able to provide benefits such as:Increase your job satisfaction. You can learn strategies that can help you solve issues at your current position, such as negotiating a promotion. On the other hand, you can simply find your true calling, ensuring you aren’t stuck in a career you don’t like.Lower work-related stress and depression. Unhappiness at work has been shown to lower your ability to make healthier life choices. Thus, you can suffer from more stress and even depression. By ensuring you’re happy at work, you can reduce these harmful effects.Shorten your unemployment periods. You’ll receive tools for a more effective job search and networking, which can ensure you aren’t unemployed for long.HOW CAN CAREER COUNSELLING HELP WITH JOB PROGRESSION?To fully comprehend the ways career counseling can boost your job progression, you should understand the process behind it. All career counseling f ocuses on similar tactics, although the methods they use might vary slightly.Identifying your strengths and skillsFirst, a career counselor typically starts by helping you define the strengths and weaknesses you have in terms of personality. This is often done through both self-assessment and different personality tests.There are a number of different personality tests and different counselors might use different assessment methods. One of the major analysis options used for career analysis purposes is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test.This test looks at the four personality dichotomies: extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. The test will show the traits that are the most dominant in you, all of which can be used to understand the kind of roles most suited for your personality.Watch the below to find out more about Myers-Briggs method: Furthermore, the counselor will also help you examine your skill set. This can involve skill-bas ed tests, such as an IQ test. The aim is not to find out how smart you are, but rather where your strengths lie. In addition, your skills are also analyzed through the education you have and the work or other experience you’ve gained.The above will then be used to better understand the roles and positions, most suited for you and your career. This can help you identify the direction you want to take if you are starting out or re-direct your career path to a different direction.The more understanding you have about your own capabilities and values, the more able you are to look for the roles that you want and which help you progress.For instance, you might work in the service industry and through the above assessment realize your true strength lies in the sales sector. This can help you focus on searching for sales in the service industry, rather than customer service aspect of the industry, for example.Examining factors which influence career developmentThe second point that helps your career progression is the focus on factors influencing your current career development. The counselor will help you identify the different issues that can have an impact on your career progression. These include:Personal factors â€" If you have a family to support, career counselor will help identify career goals with you, which align with your family’s needs. For instance, if you can’t afford to stop working while changing careers, the counselor can help identify ways to obtain skills while working.Value-based factors â€" These include not only things you want from your job, but also specific values that might influence your job satisfaction. For example, you might want to find a role that focuses on social justice.Educational factors â€" What are the skills you have and how can you continue to learn more about your chosen industry? Career counselor will help map out the educational landscape, both in terms of the past and the future.Ability-based factors â€" You’ll als o examine the ability-based things influencing your career progression. This is a combination of examining your experience and finding different ways to increase the experience. For example, internships might be a suitable option for you or you should consider pursuing your new career as a hobby first.Understanding how each of the above factors are influencing your career progression, both in terms of hindering it or boosting it, you can focus your efforts in strategies that work the best.For instance, you might notice your education is slowing down your chosen career progression and keeping you from promotions. With the help of a career counselor, you can start looking into ways to educate and train yourself further.Focusing on the right strategiesCareer counseling will also help you focus on the right strategies in terms of career progression. The assessment and tips provided by the counselor will help you understand how to land a job of your dreams and where to put your energies when it comes to re-focusing your career.Some of the strategies you can learn from a career counselor include:Networkingâ€"Career counselor can help you understand how networking can help your career and teach you more about the best practices regarding the process.Use of social media â€" Social media’s role in finding a job is growing and career counselors can help you understand how to take advantage of it. If you are wholly unaware of its use, you could even get help in creating profiles in platforms like LinkedIn.Finding training opportunities â€" Career counseling can help you find resources for training your skills. If you are at university, you can discuss the different course options and any additional studies you should take. For workers, career counseling can help identify adult learning opportunities, both in full- and part-time education.Creating personal development goalsâ€" Finally, you’ll also learn strategies in terms of personal development. The enhanced awarene ss of your personality can help you improve the weaker aspect and learn more about using your best traits.Together with the career counselor, you are able to identify the resources you need in terms of career information, opportunity and development. Furthermore, you can better understand how to use these resources, which can guarantee you more access to better job opportunities.For instance, strategies, such as networking, can be crucial for guaranteeing faster career progression, as it connects you with influential people within the industries you are passionate about.As mentioned above, the strategies are not only useful for people looking to get on the career ladder or seeking a new direction with their career. Career counseling provides you more tools to ensure your current work situation improves. Training or better focus on personal development can give you the resources you need to seek for a promotion or ask for a salary increase. Career progression doesn’t necessarily me an changing jobs, as simply improving your status or financial incentive, can ensure you go forward in your career.CONCLUSIONCareer counseling can be a highly beneficial practice in terms of career progression. The process isn’t just for people at the start of their career. Whilst the process isn’t about telling you what to do and landing a job on your plate, career counseling can help you better understand what you truly want from your career.In terms of career progression, career counseling guarantees you don’t stall in your career development. It does this by helping you identify your ideal career goals and the routes you need to take to achieve them. It’s also crucial for strengthening your abilities in order to march forward. It can do so either by improving your skills through training or by boosting your ability to use different resources and strategies to your advantage.

Quality Improvement Plan For The Elderly With Dementia And...

Quality Measurement and Assessment Healthcare organizations throughout Canada are focusing more and more on the delivery of quality care to its patients and families. However, it is not enough to simply state this dedication, it must be proven with a plan that outlines clear aims, targets, and initiatives that implement evidence-based research (Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, Shabot, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to outline a quality improvement plan to address the rates of worsening pain in the elderly with dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment in the Veterans Centre (VC) at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. Introduction to Quality Improvement Plan Before any quality improvement plan (QIP) can be developed, the overall aim of the project must be determined to ensure the QIP stays on track. This includes deciding what is going to be measured, what the current baseline is, what the target will be and a timeline for accomplishing the goal (Health Quality Ontario, n.d.). Thus, the aim for this QIP is to reduce the rate of worsened pain in the VC from the current value of 20.2% of residents with worsened pain by 1% by the next quarter by educating nurses on the correct way to assess and document pain in the electronic system. Sunnybrook’s mission, vision, and values are the â€Å"foundation for [the] organization’s identity† (Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, Shabot, 2013, p. 172) and serve as guiding principles in the delivery of quality care and quality improvement. AsShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Exercise On Brain Health1623 Words   |  7 PagesThere is ample evidence to demonstrate that through the normal ageing process alterations to the brain in structure and function are directly related to cognitive changes (Glisky, 2007). 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The Opportunities And Confrontations Of Women - 1134 Words

The Opportunities and Confrontations of Women American women from the early 1920s to the late 1960s ran into quite a few confrontations not only with the federal government but also with society. They were also presented with new radial opportunities that were once nonexistent before this time. The old-fashioned narrow-minded outlook upon women begin to phase out while new representations were being challenged. This is, without a doubt, the most significant and influential periods for women with the movements, organizations, and their new freedoms in modern American history. The Equal Rights Amendment Act was the first movement from women that started this revolution in the 1920s. One of the primary goals of this act was to eliminate all†¦show more content†¦The government nonetheless tried to reverse the tendency of more freedom for women in this traditional society. The Economy Act of 1933 banned both partners in a marriage from holding federal jobs. The federal government did not want women achieving power and they tried to prevent them from doing so by rejecting movements and implementing new legislations. Entering into the 1930s and the beginning of The Great Depression, women roles in the household were becoming increasingly more stressful as they did their best in making ends meet. Things got even more tough with The New Deal programs passed by Congress and President Franklin D. Roosevelt. One specific example of how the alleged excellent New Deal had an unfavorable outcome on women is how the Social Security programs, which accommodated unemployment insurance as well as old-age retirement accounts, would not cover women who worked from the household. Most women of this time were being overlooked by the federal government and they faced many challenges, although the New Deal did also have a few positive attributes to offer women. Those who were unemployed could be supported by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). It employed single women, widows, or women with handicapped husbands. While men were given jobs that required little experienced, usually in construction, women were de signated mostly to garment making. They made apparel and bedspreads to be donated to charities and

The Lack of African American TV Shows Free Essays

The norms of American television during its early years have always been focused on the so-called â€Å"social whiteness† owing to the fact that shows have always been dominated by the whites. This theory of racial subjugation was eventually refuted since white and black characters after the 1980s do get the same amount exposure on TV shows. Considering the height of racial discrimination in the United States, the lack of African American TV shows is not surprising though African American celebrities have the same acting skills as non-African Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lack of African American TV Shows or any similar topic only for you Order Now The shows allotted for African-Americans, predisposed or not, have been limited to situation comedies (sitcoms) and stand-up comics to exemplify that these marginalized sector indeed does get the equality of quantity of said TV acts. To cite in history, there was the â€Å"Amos N’ Andy Show† which commenced in 1928 as a thirty-year radio show and broadcasted on television in 1951 which only lasted for two years because of the massive protests by the black community. It was the lone TV show with an all-black cast during the period. There was also â€Å"The Beulah Show,† â€Å"The Nat King Cole,† â€Å"All in the Family,† â€Å"The Jeffersons,† â€Å"Good Times,† â€Å"What’s Happening,† â€Å"That’s My Mama,† and â€Å"Sanford and Son.† The era of â€Å"The Roots,† â€Å"The Cosby Show,† â€Å"Different Strokes,† â€Å"Webster,† â€Å"Gimme A Break,† and the â€Å"A-Team† also came. Many contemporary TV shows featuring African Americans followed thereafter including NBC’s â€Å"Hidden Hills,† FOX’s â€Å"The Bernie Mac Show† and â€Å"Cedric the Entertainer Presents†¦,† ABC’s â€Å"My Wife and Kids,† CBS’s â€Å"Robbery Homicide Division† and â€Å"Hack.† The former network WB also aired black-oriented shows as â€Å"The Hughleys,† â€Å"The Steve Harvey Show† and â€Å"The Jamie Foxx Show.† To enhance racial diversity, WB also featured â€Å"ER,† â€Å"Smallville,† â€Å"Gilmore Girls,† â€Å"Friends† and â€Å"The West Wing.† Meanwhile, UPN introduced â€Å"The Parkers,† â€Å"One on One,† â€Å"Girlfriends,† and â€Å"Half and Half.† Even the popular reality TV shows â€Å"Survivor† and â€Å"Big Brother† even incorporated black contestants in them. According to Screen Actors Guild (SAG) in 1991, schedules for prime time shows are still segregated in that African American dominated shows were isolated still and in some networks like FOX and NBC, the blacks were still underrepresented, such the term â€Å"ghettoization† of African American TV shows. Studies by SAG further revealed that there are two types of programming: first, â€Å"resourceful† programming wherein some shows included a racially diverse cast and â€Å"missed â€Å"opportunity† in which no effort is made at all to broaden their horizons in terms of casting. An example of the first type is â€Å"The Practice† where it gave importance to African American casts, placing them in major roles with long screen times. As have been mentioned earlier, African Americans did not have much opportunity in drama and more serious roles. Shows like â€Å"Sex and the City† and HBO’s â€Å"Six Feet Under† put blacks in very minor, insignificant characters. Oftentimes, blacks are associated with being criminals, villains, gangs, troublemakers, street people, mobs, sidekicks or subordinates in TV performances. These racial stereotyping is not helpful in terms of reconciling the diversified cultures of blacks and whites living in one nation. It cannot be denied that television is one of the most influential media of information dissemination in the world today. Amidst globalization, television plays a great role in shaping the minds and perspectives of people about things happening in their immediate environment. The squaring off of cultural, racial and sexual distinctions should be given priority if indeed the goal of unification and eliminating discrimination is to be realized. The lack of African American TV shows is an illustration as to the inequality of racial representation in media. Even if African Americans constitute only a marginalized portion of the population, they should be given equal TV exposure to indicate that racial chauvinism has been resolved and eliminated. If whites are shown to overshadow the blacks on TV, the audience will get the idea that impartiality still exists even in the entertainment industry. It should be emphasized that television serves as an important cultural medium. Through this instrument, people learn about cultures of the different races. Whether genuine or not, what is shown on TV will be the image that the audience will grasp regarding that particular culture. This is the reason why extra care and caution must be considered when depicting cultures on TV shows since they shape the representation of that ethnicity. As mentioned earlier, African Americans often have negative persona in many TV shows. Because of this, the audience will tend to generalize that African Americans are indeed those kinds of people. This brings about a complex societal problem with regards to people’s attitudes towards African Americans. In conclusion, the lack of African American TV shows is not merely a question of the quantity of shows broadcasted on television but it is also a question of the quality of shows that are being aired globally. Cultural sensitivity is an important factor in that African American characters should not be limited to being slapstick comedians and humorists, but their roles must exemplify what the true black culture is in order to educate people about their beliefs and ideologies. It is only through a wider and deeper understanding of other ethnicities can we solve the problem of racial prejudice. Therefore, it is quantity coupled with quality of African American TV shows that will make the imparting of the black society more meaningful and constructive to be able to correct the mistaken identities of African Americans. By increasing the number of quality African American TV shows, deliverance is within reach. References â€Å"Amos N’ Andy Show.† (n.d.). The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/A/htmlA/amosnandy/amosnandy.htm Easton, B. M. (n.d.). â€Å"African-Americans on TV: A Retrogressive Renaissance.† Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http://www.purrmag.com/Purr12/blacksontv.html Kumbier, A. (n.d.). â€Å"The TV Ghetto.† Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http://www.poppolitics.com/articles/2002/09/09/The-TV-Ghetto â€Å"Racism, Ethnicity and Television.† (n.d.). The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/R/htmlR/racismethni/racismethni.htm â€Å"The African-American Television Audience.† (n.d.). Nielsen Media Research, Inc. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http://www.nielsenmedia.com/ethnicmeasure/african-american/indexAA.html    How to cite The Lack of African American TV Shows, Papers

Wearable Technology Healthcare Monitoring

Question: Discuss about theWearable Technologyfor Healthcare Monitoring. Answer: Introduction Wearable Technology plays a great role in present days healthcare transformation. Wearable technologies are closely interrelated to the developing healthcare delivery model. With the help of this particular model healthcare industry brings care to their concerned patients and the need for visiting the hospital is reduced. In contrast with the developing approach of healthcare transformation, medical devices are becoming more exciting and innovative rich with new features and technical innovations. These devices are becoming mobile, smaller and are opening new alternatives to the traditional ways of medical care providers. The traditional way of taking care to the patients involves performed tests, data collection and delivery of treatments. Same steps are performed by innovative and technologically sound medical devices that are changing the entire healthcare industry. Wearable technology can be introduced from various perspectives. There are various examples of wearable technology that is used for healthcare transformation: headbands, smart watches, smart wristbands, shirts, shoes, necklaces etc. These gadgets contain sensors that collect different raw data and then these data are fed to particular software applications for further analysis. These analyses normally trigger a response for further steps to be taken. Triggers may have various forms for delivering the collected raw data in terms of signals or alerts to the physicians. After getting this alert the physician can take several steps in order to measure and resolve the abnormal changes notified within the patient. This communication might happen by sending a congratulatory message when a patient attains fitness goals. This essay is focusing on the skin-worn wearable patches. These wearable devices do not require any straps, bands or buckets. Instead of this, these devices are secured directly to the skin. These patches can take different formats: tattoo, transport films, coin pods. According to data collected from a report of 2014, Soreon Research linked with the emergence of wearable technologies to the deep transformation of the healthcare sector. There four factors that influenced this transformation: shift of treatment to prevention of diseases, personalization of medical care, and growth of the medical standards, new software and hardware approaches changing the healthcare industry. Wearable technology begins with monitoring participants by gathering data for clinical trials and academic studies. In contrast with this fact, wellness and fitness wearable are used as clinical tools. These components are trends towards the counting physical activities as important sign of category. This can be elaborated with the help of an example: exercise can considered as global initiative that started made steady inroads for making advancements in implementation of comprehensive strategies. Wearable patches are good for measuring the physical fitness while exercising or measuring psychological strength. Patients comfort is measured with respect to the physical as well as mental fitness. These two aspects can be easily measured with the help of wearable medical devices. The physicians suggests the patients skin-worn patches accordingly their demands. The data collected by wearable devices preserves patients privacy and individual undergoes medical treatment and monitored by the healthcare professionals. In case of the wearable patches, these are designed in such a way that these dont require any extra attention by from patients. There are certain devices that have to be worn by patients for a continuous week or month, in such conditions the patients can just forget this and carry on with their regular activities according to their daily routine. Therefore, the healthcare industry is trying to adopt these technological innovations within their organizational structure. There are many solutions available for making the healthcare monitoring more particular and effective. The use of wearable devices in the healthcare sector makes the system architecture more compatible and effective. These technological advancements improve the scope of the healthcare sector. Rationale of the Automatic Healthcare Monitoring Health monitoring is essential part of the proactive healthcare processes. Smart health monitoring facility is necessary for improving the process of treatment. The wearable technology is chosen in order to bring transformation within the healthcare industry. Internet is the backbone of smart healthcare monitoring system. Wearable technology is utilized with the help of internet. With the help of these technological advancements aged patients are benefited. Use of internet or more specifically Internet of Things helps the patients to be connected wirelessly with the wearable devices that make their treatment more easy and effective. There are many solutions available for making the healthcare monitoring more particular and effective. The use of wearable devices in the healthcare sector makes the system architecture more compatible and effective. Wireless devices help to make the clinical data available to the patients as well as to the physicians in order to provide proper monitoring. These data transfer facility is one of the main reasons behind implementing healthcare monitoring facilities in an automotive way. Clinical data are transmitted with the help of internet to the monitoring server that informs the physicians about the patients condition. In addition to all of the above mentioned reasons, smart healthcare benefits the patients by providing them a easy and advanced mobile care facility with the help of mobile applications and devices. All of these mentioned facilities provide the patients more advanced operations that make their comfort level high. Therefore, the use of these technological advancements, remote monitoring facilities makes the remote monitoring of patients possible. IoT solutions are one of the major elements that makes the remote monitoring facilitates possible. All of these aspects must be incorporated within the system architecture of the healthcare to make it a successful remote monitoring healthcare.

7 Ways to Freelance Write While Mommying With Twins

Ive been freelance writing for almost three years. My twins are 4.5 years old and have stayed home with me the entire time. They havent been in daycare and theres no babysitter that comes to watch the twins while I work. So how can I build a successful freelance business with little ones to tend to? For a lot of stay-at-home moms, freelance writing is the perfect gig. Its flexible, pays well and gets your creativity flowing. But, it can be a challenge. Especially with little ones. How can you run an entire business when you have to take care of your little one or ones? Here are seven ways Im able to have a freelance writing business and product business too. 1. I Have Help There is no way I could do this without having some form of help. Fortunately, my husband also stays home and works on his online business. While I do most of the child caring during the day, my husband often takes the twins to the park or out for errands in the middle of the work day, or gives me an hour here and there in the morning and afternoon to work on my writing. On top of that, I have my mother-in-law come almost every day in the afternoon for two or three hours to play with the kids. She does this more often in the warmer weather, and I take advantage of this. I pick up more gigs and more clients during the spring and summer and this has helped grow my business in the last year. If you have a sister, cousin, friend or neighbor, ask them for child care and in return, you can do something for them (like edit their resume or make them dinner one night). If you can get an hour or two out of the week, that can be the time where you: create samples for your niche topic go to job boards to find potential gigs develop a pitching process create copy for your writer website If you only have a little bit of time to work on your business, youll fill that time with important tasks! 2. I Wrote When My Twins Napped or Slept Ah, the good ol days when my twins napped. I got an extra 2-3 hours every day to write for my clients or build my own brand. But alas, no more. A unicorn died when my twins gave up their nap. And I had to scramble to figure out how to write for my clients when I lost 3 hours a day. If you have a little one that still naps, treasure it and cherish it. Dont nap yourself and dont go cleaning the house or doing laundrythat can wait. Get to work on your freelance writing business. Write and write some more! 3. I Work In Chunks Now that my twins dont nap, I have to work when they are awake, so I chunk my time. In the morning, they get to watch a cartoon and then have breakfast. This is easily 45 minutes. I check my email during this time. After lunch, its quiet time where my twins play as quiet as they can. I can have my afternoon coffee (needs me some coffee) and work on my projects. From that point on, Im on mom duty and go back to my business when my twins go to sleep. Now that isnt 3 hours in a day, but I can get 1.5 hours in a day. Thats enough. 4. Streamlined My Writing Process Do you have a writing process for your client work or blog posts? If you want to be a freelance writer, youll need to create a writing process and then streamline it if you have a little one at home. My writing process has evolved over time. Before, I needed to have certain things to write like my music, my water and my desk. Now, since I dont have enough of time during the day, I write when I can. This means I have to optimize the time I have to write! Instead of picking up any client in any niche, I only pick up digital marketing clients that want content about content marketing, blogging, branding, email marketing, and social media marketing. I have experience in these niche topics and dont have to research heavily to write these posts. So my process ends up being: Create a rough outline Write down examples in each sub topic Write the post When the post is written I edit it, send it to my copyeditor and have it proofread. This cuts my time down and I can write more posts in a week. Figure out in your writing process where you are spending the bulk of your time. Outlining? Pitch topics you really know about Researching? Spend your free time bookmarking websites and creating a swipe file of juicy tips. Writing? Practice speeding up your typing. Sart a blog and write every day. Editing? Hire an editor or use an editing tool like Grammarly. 5. Pared Down My Client List I mentioned that I only write for digital marketing clients. But this didnt happen in one day. I still write for clients from the first year I was a freelance writer. They may not be in the digital marketing niche, but I enjoy the stable income they bring me so I keep them. Around the end of year 2 of my biz I started honing down my client list to only pick up digital marketing clients. If a prospect in another niche approached me, I would tell my students in the Write Your Way to Your First $1k course. I also updated my writer website to reflect this change and its working for sure. 6. Automate My Social Media Posting I love social media. Pinterest is a blast to be on and so is Facebook. Its a goldmine for clients too and Ive gotten a lot of clients this way. But, Im also building my brand and growing my Twins Mommy blog. To do this I use social media to post my latest blog posts. I dont do this manually anymore. Instead, I use scheduling tools to handle all of this. For Facebook and Twitter, I use Buffer. I pay $10/month to use unlimited posting on multiple profiles. For Pinterest, I use Tailwind and Board Booster. I use Tailwind to schedule my pins to the many group boards I belong to. I use Board Booster also to loop my pins on my boards. Since I have over 10k followers I need to make sure my own boards are up to date. I paid yearly for Tailwind ($120) and I pay $15/month for Board Booster. 7. Used Video When I Had Little Time Im a total introvert. Thats probably why I enjoy staying at home and being able to make money at home. But, I also love connecting with people. Im great 1:1 or in a small group. Large groups are uncomfortable for me but I can tolerate it if I have to. So, its not anxiety filled if I do a Facebook Live or a webinar. I dont mind talking to myself and knowing that others can view me. But, its still uncomfortable. Im not perfect on video and I mess up a lot. But, Im doing it because, in the end, it saves me time. And I have very little time as a mom, blogger and professional writer. So when I can I use video. I even created some videos and made them some blog posts when I was revamping my Write to Way to Your First $1k course. Im a Mom First Its hard to imagine that my twins are 4.5 years old and will be entering school this year. Im fortunate enough to be able to continue to stay home and create the life that I want with my online business. My husband is by my side every day and together we work from home caring for our little ones. Finding time is necessary and its your only currency when youre a mom! Use it timely! Over to you – how do you get your work done with little ones?

Codes of ethics essays

Codes of ethics essays As some people would say new times bring new crimes; especially with the invention of internet more people have access to private information to use it for them our benefits. The more knowledgeable or professional a person is about computers, the higher is the risk people can get harm. For this, codes of ethics was created; for computer practitioners to follow. Code of ethics is more like a guide for computer practitioners that everyone in the field should follow according to many professionals in the field. Some writers have suggested that codes of ethics are pointless and unnecessary. Many others believe that codes are useful and important, but disagree about why. Writers argue that some codes need to be completed or updated to the most recent technology, which brings a bigger argument in the computer field. First of all; to make home, school, and office life easier people relies on computers. As a result of this dependency, computer grows everyday. Along with the growing use of computers comes widespread computer crime. Most of the people who uses computer to do a crime are the ones who has knowledge of computer which most of them are the ones who studied a career in computers. In this time is not that hard for a person to get a computer like it was before; the computer industries have so many distributors and competitors that any middle class family can own one. Most people will agree that one of the main reasons for buying a computer is the internet. Once people start to get know how to use the computer, most of them will start using the internet for many reasons: business, homework, research, etc. Knowing the facilities the internet gives, people start to save private information on their computers or let the computer do the job for them for example pay their bills online. For some computer professionals this may be one of the easiest ways to make money from the accommodation of their private home. This is when the codes of ...

Approaches for System Building in Digital Firm Era Essay

Approaches for System Building in Digital Firm Era - Essay Example The builders of system have to understand the impact of system change on organization and its processes as a whole. Generally, there are four kinds of system changes such as automation, shifts in paradigm, redesigning of business processes and rationalization. In any kind of systems development, there are six types of core activities that are vital for system effective building i.e. system analysis i.e. study and analysis of any problem or problems of existing systems along with requirements for solutions; system design i.e. information system solution specification which shows the way in which technical and organizational components will get integrated; programming i.e. making program of the system; testing the system; converting system if there is any kind of need for modification; production of final system for organization and maintenance of system so it functions smoothly and efficiently. Approaches for system-building in digital firms In modeling and designing information syste ms, two methodologies are used i.e. structured and object-oriented. In structured methodology, focus is on data and modeling processes separately; whereas, in object-oriented methodology, a model is viewed as a system in which a collection of objects bring together data and modeling processes. There are numerous methods of building systems that can be used by organizations. The four most common approaches used for system building are traditional system life cycle, prototyping, end-user development and Application Software packages and outsourcing (Oxford Economics, 2009). The oldest method is traditional systems life cycle in which systems are developed following formal stages; system building process proceeds to the next stage only after previous stage’s output is achieved. In prototyping, experimental systems are built rapidly and these systems are comparatively cheaper to other systems; they allow the end users to interact with the systems and evaluate their effectiveness. End-user development approach allows end users to develop information systems either on their own or by taking some help from specialists of information systems. Application software packages and outsourcing implies letting third parties develop information systems for the organizations; although this approach is relatively expensive but the systems developed under this approach are compatible with digital firm requirements from every aspect. Two approaches suitable for digital firm The two approaches most suitable for digital firms are prototyping and application software packages and outsourcing. Both these approaches help technology advanced organizations to successfully prosper within the digital industry as they allow the end users to easily interact and use the features of digital technology. In prototyping system building approach, a specific interactive system is designed which builds a model of a system to determine requirements of system. The primary aim of prototyping is to build an experimental system that is quick and inexpensive one for demonstrating and evaluating the users need for information requirements. The preliminary model of system or its important parts are built

Human Resource Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resource Strategies - Essay Example Organization do not operate in vacuum, hence there are interconnectivities of interrelationships. The relationship between management and workers of organization, with the focus of how organizations' productivity can be enhanced has brought about the emergence of plethora of organizational theories. Among these are , the Frederick Taylor Scientific or Machine theory, Elton Mayo's Human Relations theory, Behavioral theory, Administrative theories, System theories, motivational theories , like McGregor's; X and Y theories, Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Need theory and Frederick Hezberg two Factors theories, inter alia. How feasible and tenable is the proposition that "human resource strategies should be underpinned by organization development theories". This write- up will focus on this, using McDonalds Corporation as a case study to show how organization's strategy helps in contributing to its success. Human Resource Management (HRM) is the management of organization's human resources in such a way that the workers personal needs are adequately met in order that they put in their best in the attainment of the organization's objectives and long term goals. According to Sims (2002), HRM is the term increasingly used to refer to the philosophy, policies, procedures, and practices related to the management of an organization's employee. In the process of HRM, there is an increasingly emphasis on the personal needs of the organization and its members. The challenge is to create an organizational environment in which each employee can grow and develop to his or her fullest extent. Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is the linking up of HRM to the strategic goal and objectives of the organization. "Strategic HR means accepting the HR functions as a strategic partner in the formulation of the company's strategies through HR activities such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel". (Chaturvedi, 2005). Theories are abstractions from the real world situations in order to give explanation to a given phenomenon or interrelating variables. Thus, organization development theories are those theories that tend to explain how efficiently the organization's resources can be adequately managed in order that the highest productivity and the attainment of set objectives are achieved by the organization. INCORPORATING ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT THEORIES IN HUMAN RESOURCES STARTEGIES Scholars have argued that SHRM has no thoroughly researched theories to give explanation on how HRM is linked to the organization's strategy. In the view of Wright and Haggerty (2005), SHRM research has greatly borrowed from other disciplines' meta-theories and utilized organization theories in linking up HRM to strategic management. "existing research in SHRM had predominantly utilized Resource based Theory, the Behavioral Approach, Open System theory, and Control theory with a few authors exploring Population Ecology and Critical

Major Factors For The Low Profitability Commerce Essay

Major Factors For The Low Profitability Commerce Essay To understand the indispensable elements that contributed as major factors for the low profitability in the computer industry, the group had to apply Porters five forces orientation. The main reasons for a low average profitability in the computer market even though there exists high level of output and innovation especially during the last ten years can be attributed to these factors: Primary, as a weak strategic choice, Stiff Competition (which ultimately led to price competition) was war of attrition between these companies, and of course as a result of this some money was left on the table and average profitability was low. Secondly, product differentiation among the industries was very weak and complementary products that would have made a difference were not as such available. Thirdly, as it can be seen from the business chain, the suppliers had monopoly power over the manufacturers. Fourth, threat of the substitutes was very high since there was no brand loyalty on the part of customers. So, as a result these forces were able to put an undeniable pressure on the computer industry and led to a low average profitability. 2) Why has Dell been so successful despite the low average profitability in the PC industry? In 1998 the computer industry shared or had the same kind of business strategy. This is more obvious when one sees the similarity in distribution channels. What made Dell distinctive from the competitors was their application of the Blue Ocean strategy. Dell focused on direct orders from customers, offering customer tailored products and meanwhile developed new marketing and distribution strategy. This resulted in low product variable cost and 8% increase in operating profit in comparison with usage of standard distribution channels. Dell segmented their customers in two main groups relationship and transaction buyers. This increased the capability of better understanding and responding more efficiently to customer needs. This raised customer satisfaction level and created loyal customers, which affected positively the companys profitability. The decision to take orders directly from the internet web page, designed especially through a new CRM model, made it possible for Dell to provide innovative service and products to all customer segments. A crucial key to Dells success was the decision to proceed with production only after an order was received. In the same time focusing on limited number of suppliers and maintaining close relationship with them, allowed Dell to separate delivery of different components of production, thus reducing shipping time and decreasing operating cost by keeping stock at minimum level. Dells successes resulted from implementing an effective and profitable corporate strategy by focusing heavily on direct customers and suppliers. 3) Prior to the recent (1997à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1998) actions by the competitors to match Dell, how big was Dells competitive advantage? The personal computer industry has been one of the most competitive industries in the world. It is typically characterized by rapid innovations, low costs, and in most cases, the demand for updated processing systems has kept this industry very attractive. The only way companies can be profitable under this set framework was to be operationally efficient. In the 1990s, the growth of the World Wide Web led to an increased demand for PC and thus consequently led to a decline in prices because of its highly competitive nature. Dells efficiency in 1997-1998 came from two key success factors: First, they sell directly to their customers so their distribution channels are simple and cheap (eliminating all middlemen costs, no dealership markup). Second, they adapted the Direct Model, where they only do build-to-order, which kept inventories low. Low inventories mean that, when the competing companies drop the price of its processors, Dell did not have accumulated old expensive processors. It was able to reduce the prices on its computers faster than its competitors can, because the components that made up those computers are the latest and cheapest. Dell clearly distinguished its customers segments and as part of its strategy, it targeted the corporate customers (relationship buyers) who were volume buyers. As a result, the transactions costs/per PC sale were substantially lower compared to its competitors. In summary, Dells strategy was characterized by: Build-to-order and direct-to-customer relationships; Focus on specific market segments; Low cost distribution; Manufacturing and strong supplier relationships; Minimum inventory; Service and repair through telephone and third parties. Exhibit 1 shows that Dell as compared with the competitors had a low gross margin. (See annex) Exhibit 2 shows that Dells net profit margin is the same as the market average. We can conclude that the fixed costs for Dell was much lower than for the competitors, which gave Dell an opportunity to cut prices unlike its competitors. (See annex) Exhibit 3 shows that the company has a relatively low inventory turnover which gives the company a competitive advantage in the fiercely growing market by minimizing losses. (See annex) 4) How effective have competitors been in responding to the challenge posed by dells advantage? IBM IBM was the first PC maker to recognize Dells competitive advantage in direct sales distribution. In early 1990s it launched a series of initiatives to improve the coordination with resellers and distributors called Joint Manufacturing Program that was followed by Integration and Assembly program and Enhanced Integration and Assembly Programs. IBM started to ship heavily configured PCs to resellers and distributors who completed the configuration of the machine for the end users. In 1995 IBM launched Authorized Assembly Program shipping lightly configured computers (Model 0s) to downstream partners who would complete the assembly with the missing components and ship to customers. The AAP program helped IBM to rapidly deliver customized PCs without holding large amounts of inventory. In 1998 IBM launched its web site where business customers would refer to authorized resellers and individual customers could purchase standardized PCs directly from IBM. Compaq In 1994 Compaq was the worlds largest manufacturer of PCs. Compaqs initial strategy was to distribute the PCs to customers primarily through retail stores. The company launched several unsuccessful initiatives to sell directly to customers (online catalogue in 1993 and toll free telephone in 1996) which soon had to be shut down because of channel conflicts. From 1995, Compaq launched new initiatives to reduce the inventory by optimizing its production system and introducing Optimized Distribution Model. This eventually reduced the inventory to 25 days. Starting from 1998 Compaq launched Direct Plus Program selling PCs directly to customers via internet and telephone. Direct Plus came with additional services such as support service, software modules and leasing programs. HP HP sold PCs mainly through distributors and resellers and retail channels. HP was reluctant to sell PCs directly to customers and although in 1997 it started to accept orders on its web site, the PCs were delivered to the customers through resellers. In 1998 HP extended the scope of HP Shopping Village web service that allowed the consumers to purchase PCs directly from the web site, however like IBM business customers were referred to resellers. Gateway Gateways business model was very similar to Dells, the company took orders from the customers, build the PCs and shipped them directly to the customers. Initially the strategy was very successful but over time Gateways competitive advantage declined despite a series of initiatives. In 1998 the company lost its corporate customer segment and refocused on small businesses. Despite the efforts the competitors made to match Dells success, none of them were particularly successful. 5) What should each of Dells major rivals (IBM, Compaq, HP, Gateway) do now? As a short term solution, competitors (IBM, Compaq, HP and Gateway) before focusing on their core competence and increase their market margin they have to imitate Dells competitive advantages for some time. But in the long run competitors should; Pursue sustainable increase in efficiency of the production processes to decrease the operating costs: analyze and revise current supply chain, outsourcing certain tasks to the other geographical location in order to benefit from the lower labor cost and also try to find new market place as a comparative and competitive advantage. A special attention should be given to premium customers (large companies) through direct sales and sales-force, because these clients make big and repetitive orders, and for the rest of the segments sales can be conducted through Internet or phone. Direct sales help avoid leaving margins in pocket of resellers and distributors. And most importantly, they should focus on their specialization. Company Key Market segments Key Distribution channels Business Dell Large Business Direct distribution 86.6% Assembly (only) Gateway Home and small business Direct distribution 90.43% Production HP Small and middle business 32.6%; Individuals 28% Distributors 75%, Resellers, 23% Production Compaq Small and middle business; Individuals Distributors 66.6%, Resellers, 24.6% Production IBM Large Business; Small and Medium Business Distributors 69.6%, Resellers, 18.4% Production Annex Exhibit 1 Exhibit 2 Exhibit 3

A Comparison of the American and the Japanese Health Care Systems

Both the United States and Japan are part of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, an organization composed of industrialized countries) and as such both countries are under the pressure to live up to a certain median when it comes to the quality of health care. Apart from the median created by OECD countries, the US and Japan are also equally pressured by such organizations as the World Health Organization (WHO) that sets up checklists for good health care systems. In a report last 2000 on the health care systems of 191 countries, WHO set some goals for a health care system.These goals are the following: good health, responsiveness, and fairness in financing (WHO in Bureau of Labor Education of the University of Maine 2001, 1). By â€Å"good health† WHO refers to the good health status of the entire population although out the human being’s life cycle. â€Å"Responsiveness,† on the other hand, refers to â€Å"the extent to which careg ivers are responsive to the client/patient expectations with regard to non-health areas such as being treated with dignity and respect† (Bureau of Labor and Education o the University of Maine 2001, 6).Fairness in financing generally refers to the progressiveness of the health care system wherein those who have less are also to spend less on medical care. These goals shall be utilized to evaluate and compare the Japanese and the American health care systems. But before an effective evaluation and comparison could be done, it will be important to individually describe the health care systems of these two countries. As such, this paper shall consist o the following parts: a description of the American health care system; a description of the Japanese health care system; an evaluation and the comparison of the two health care systems.The American Health Care System A. The Framework of the American Health Care System The American Health Care System could best be illustrated using figure 1. In figure 1, it could be noted that there are two insurance systems in America, public and private. Public insurance system refers to Medicare, Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP), and the Veteran’s Administration (VA). Private insurance system, on the other hand, refers to either employer-sponsored insurance or private non-group insurance. We shall discuss each of these types.Medicare is a federal program that insures seniors aged 65 and above as well as some disabled individuals (Chua 2006, 2). This is a single-payer, government-administered program that covers hospital services, physician services, as well as prescription drug services (Chua 2006, 2). Medicare is financed three ways: federal income taxes, payroll tax (paid both by employers and employees), and individual enrollee premiums (Chua 2006, 2). There are individual enrollee premiums because even if Medicare provides the above-mentioned services, there are still import ant services that are not covered without the premium coverage.These premium services include nursing facilities; preventive care coverage; and coverage for dental, hearing, or vision care. This means that the elderly who are covered by Medicare would many times still need to avail of premium services and as such, they contribute a total of 22% of their income for the cost of health care (Chua 2006, 2). Medicaid is a state-administered health insurance program that provides coverage to low income citizens and disabled; specifically, this insurance â€Å"covers very poor pregnant women, children, disabled, and parents† (Chua 2006, 2).As for its administration, Medicaid is paid for by the state and the federal government. At the very least, the federal government pays $1 for every dollar that the state pays for (Chua 2006, 2). Unlike Medicare, Medicaid offers a more comprehensive health benefits. S-CHIP is like Medicaid as regards administration but it is specifically for child ren whose parents do not qualify for Medicaid due to their income but still do not make enough money to provide insurance for their children. VA is a state-sponsored health insurance service for the veterans of the military.This insurance provides comprehensive health benefits that make the veteran spend almost nothing for health care. Employer-sponsored insurance refers to private health insurance services the premium of which are largely paid for by employers. Under this system are the many organizations that offer health maintenance (HMOs). This is where corporations like Aetna and Kaiser Permanente fall. The coverage offered as well as the degree of co-sharing by the different HMOs differ also (Chua 2006, 3).Private non-group health insurance is the sort of insurance availed by those who are self-employed and those that could not avail of employer-sponsored insurance. This sort of insurance allows the insurance company to impose rules regarding pre-existing conditions. Usually, pre-existing conditions are not covered by the insurance. This sort of insurance is fully administered by the HMOs and the benefits vary widely as well. B. Characteristics and Problems of the American Health Care System The American Health Care System is mostly a combination and interaction of public and private entities.This is most exemplified by the two general types of health insurance services: the public and the private. This fact could be demonstrated by a 2003 statistics on Health Insurance Coverage of the nonelderly (in Chua 2006, 1). This statistics shows that 62% of nonelderly Americans receive private employer-sponsored insurance, while 5% purchase their insurance in the market (Chua 2006, 1). 18% of these nonelderly individuals are in public insurance like Medicaid or Medicare, while the remaining 15% are uninsured (Chua 2006, 1).Elderly Americans aged 65 years and above are mostly insured through Medicaid (Chua 2006, 1). Or, better yet, we might as well look at statist ics from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid represented as a pie graph in figure 2(American Hospital Association 2005, 6). In the 2003 statistics on the â€Å"Distribution of US Health Care Expenditures by Payer Source,† of the total $1. 7 trillion expenditures on health care, more than half are paid for by private entities. The lion’s share goes to private insurance. In this statistics, 35.8% are paid for by private insurance (American Hospital Association 2005, 6). Consumer’s out-of-pocket spending on health care account for 13. 7% of the 2003 health care expenditure, while other private expenditure account for 4. 8% of the expenditure. Medicare, a government health insurance system, pays for 17% of health care expenses, while Medicaid, another government health insurance system, shoulders 16% of the expenditure. The remaining 12. 7% of expenditure is paid for by other government systems like the S-CHIP and VA (Centers American Hospital Association 2005, 6; Chua 2006, 2).As such, we could see that the American Health Care System’s expenditure is more than 50% private. In spite of the big percentage in the budget that the federal government allots to health care, probably the biggest budget allotment in the OECD countries, a big percentage of health expenditures is handled by private entities. It is worth mentioning that America is spending on the average 15% of its GDP on health care when the average on OECD countries is only 8. 6% (Chua 2006, 5).This also means that America has the highest per capita spending on health care compared to other OECD Countries. It was documented that almost 10 years ago, the US was already the biggest per capita spender among its OECD colleagues. It spent $4,178 per capita while Switzerland, then second to the US on per capita spending, spent only $2794 per capita on health care. In spite of the big role of private entities and the high percentage in budget that health care system has, a big percen tage of non-elderly adults are uninsured (15% are uninsured as we saw above).This means that millions of adults in the working age have to spend their own money for health services. This also means that probably America is the only developed country that does not provide health services to all its citizens (Bureau of Labor Education in the University of Maine 2001, 3). Another problem is the fact that the United States has a high infant mortality rate compared to the other OECD counties. In fact, the United States ranked 26th in infant mortality rate among the industrialized countries (Bureau of Labor Education in the University of Maine 2001, 5).Neither did America rank well in disability-adjusted life expectancy ranking 24th among OECD countries (Bureau of Labor Education in the University of Maine 2001, 5). This means that a number of Americans expect to live parts of their lives in disability which probably is a consequence of not having access to health care (as a big percentag e of nonelderly are uninsured). Aside from these problems, American health care is also characterized by a deficit in resources as most emergency departments in hospitals report of being â€Å"at† or â€Å"over† capacity (American Hospital Association 2005, 25).In figure 3, we could see a bar graph showing how some hospitals (especially teaching hospitals) could be at 43% beyond capacity. Such a lack could be accounted for largely by the lack of critical care beds, and not necessarily by overcrowding, in these emergency departments (American Hospital Association 2005, 27). This would mean that a number of hospitals, both in their emergency departments and intensive care units, would need to spend time on diversion (American Hospital Association 2005, 26). These are all ironical problems in a country that is supposed to be most advanced in economy and technology.The Japanese Health Care System A. The Framework of the Japanese Health Care System The Japanese Health Care System, in contrast to the American system, offers coverage for all the citizens. This system offers services that are fairly comprehensive. Currently, the Japanese Health Care System provides â€Å"a basic package of benefits (including medical consultation, drugs, and other materials; medical treatment, surgery, and other services; home care treatment and nursing; and hospitalization and nursing at medical institutions) and they may offer additional benefits (e.g. , funeral benefits, maternity allowances) under the collective scheme† (Ward and Piccolo 2004). This system is best illustrated by figure 4. Health services are paid for in four ways: health insurance contributions, by patient co-payments, by taxes, and by out-of-pocket payments (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 10). Health services are given by providers which could be categorized according to the following: hospitals, doctors’ clinics, health centers, and pharmacies. Most hospitals are categorized as general hospita ls which mean that beds are allocated for long term care.These hospitals are closed to doctors who have clinics, these clinics being capable of minimum bed capacity of 12 (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 11) and may have the latest medical devices needed for diagnosis. Pharmacies may have their own doctors who may dispense their own prognoses and prescriptions. Nursing services are also considered as health providers. The insurance services, though provided by more or less 5,000 HMOs, are largely non-autonomous non-governmental bodies (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 13). These HMOs are basically in charge of operating the compulsory national health insurance system (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 13).These HMOs experience control by the national and local governments. In fact, even doctors’ fees as well as other health services fees are standardized. The Japanese Health Care System may be categorized into two big divisions: the Social Insurance System (SIS) and the National Health Insurance (NHI) (Ward and Piccolo 2004). People are assigned to a health insurance such that those who are working in a company or office are assigned in the SIS, while everyone else who cannot be classified as working in a company or office (including self-employed professionals) should fall under the NHI (Ward and Piccolo 2004).63% of the population is insured under the SIS. Under the SIS, employers pay 50 to 80% of the premium while employees, depending on their income, pay around 8. 5% of their income for health insurance premium. In this system, the insured and their dependents pay 20-30% of in-patient and out-patient costs, at the same time act as co-payers in prescription drugs (Ward and Piccolo 2004). The NIH system, on the other hand, covers the remaining 37% of the population. Premiums paid by the insured depend on incomes and assets. The insured as well as their dependents are required to be co-payers of 30% of the cost.In spite of the requirement for co-payment, Japan offers a co-payment cap: â€Å"The cap is at ? 63,600 (US$600) per month, with the average monthly disposable income being ? 561,000 (US$5,300)† (Ward and Piccolo 2004). In addition, those who are elderly may benefit from long-term insurance which covers 90% of long-term maintenance costs. B. Problems with the Japanese Health Care System The Japanese Health Care System boasts of having state-of-the-art equipment accessible to its citizens. In fact, Japan has the highest CT and MRI scanners per capita among all countries.Japan also has low infant mortality rate in spite of lower GDP spending (7. 6%) for health care, well within the OECD median (Ward and Piccolo 2004). Japan is also able to provide co-payment cap though like the United States, Japan’s health system is also highly paid for by private entities: â€Å"Japan spent ? 29. 8 trillion (US$280 billion) on healthcare, of which 53% was covered by insurance, 32. 3% by the government, and 14. 8% by patients' co-payments† (Ward and Pi ccolo 2004). Nevertheless, the Japanese Health Care System has its own share of problems.For one, unlike in most Western countries, specialization does not matter as much as in America. What matters is where a doctor is affiliated, thus making the distinction between a general practitioner and a specialist blurred. This makes having a â€Å"family doctor† difficult to have and standardization difficult to come by (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 13). Also, Japan has 2 to 3 times longer hospitalization time compared to other countries which means that Japan would need more beds to accommodate patients (National Coalition on Health Care, 3).Probably the biggest problem that the system is facing is the increasing number of elderly population which would obviously strain (National Coalition on Health Care, 3). There is also the problem of weak preventive care as well as low public awareness on â€Å"taboo† illnesses such as HIV and AIDS (Ward and Piccolo 2004). Comparison Between th e Two Health Care Systems In the introduction, we spoke of the WHO requirement for good health, responsiveness, and fairness in financing. Let us evaluate the two systems based on these WHO goals.The American system, aside from the problems posed above, obviously lacks in its ability to provide â€Å"good health† for the entire population. For one, the American health care system does not cover the entire American population. There is just no mandate for such. The Japanese system is obviously different. Japan has a national mandate for universal coverage. This means that the Japanese system is made in such a way that all Japanese would have to fall into one of the two insurance systems.The fact that all Japanese are insured at the same time Japanese spending on health care against GNP is well within the OECD median is something that Americans would have to learn from. The very concept of a co-payment cap is a very good thing that makes health care more responsive to the call for â€Å"good health for the entire population. † As regards responsiveness, the fact that millions of Americans are uninsured automatically makes them not capable of even evaluating client/patient relations for issues such as dignity, respect, etcetera.Nevertheless, the Japanese system also has room for improvement as the existence of â€Å"taboo† sicknesses would obviously compromise the treatment of patients with dignity and respect. Lastly, as regards the requirement for fairness in financing, the Japanese system is way better than the American system. To a certain extent, the American system would make it difficult for certain parts of the population to be insured as they are not too poor to qualify for Medicaid but they are also not employed nor financially endowed enough to pay for private insurance. This is totally not a problem in the Japanese system.